Optics
Refraction
Lens immersed in a medium
12
⚡ Quick Summary
When a lens is placed in a medium other than air, its focal length changes due to the change in the refractive index difference.
['1/f = (μ - 1) * (1/R1 - 1/R2)', "1/f' = ((μ1/μ2) - 1) * (1/R1 - 1/R2)"]
The focal length of a lens changes when it is immersed in a different medium. The refractive index of the lens material relative to the surrounding medium determines the new focal length.
Refraction at Spherical Surfaces
12
⚡ Quick Summary
Light bends when it moves from one transparent material to another. This bending can be calculated using the refractive indices of the materials and the curvature of the surface.
['μ2/v - μ1/u = (μ2 - μ1)/R']
Refraction occurs when light passes from one medium to another due to the change in speed of light. At a spherical interface, the amount of refraction depends on the refractive indices of the two media and the radius of curvature of the surface. The formula relates object distance, image distance, refractive indices, and radius of curvature.